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Dec 1976

Volume 17, Issue 12, pp. 2123-2235


N‐level systems in contact with a singular reservoir. II

Alberto Frigerio and Vittorio Gorini

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2123 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522854 (5 pages) | Cited 30 times

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2008

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We study an N‐level system coupled linearly to an infinite quasifree Fermi or Bose reservoir in the vacuum state or in a state corresponding to an arbitrary temperature. We show that the singular reservoir limit can be performed in the vacuum state and at infinite temperature, thus leading to a completely positive Markovian reduced time evolution for the system, which, in the infinite temperature case, preserves the central state. On the other hand, no such limit is possible for KMS states (finite temperature) and at zero temperature. Some extension to norm‐continuous semigroups of an infinite‐dimensional B (H) is possible.
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05.30.-d Quantum statistical mechanics

Some properties of canonical invariantly relaxing (CIR) systems

Tak‐Yuen Chong

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2128 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522855 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2008

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In this paper, two general properties of the conserved discrete states CIR systems have been found: (1) the equal spacing of and a general expression for the characteristic roots of their transition‐rates‐matrices; (2) a general formulation for their conditional probabilities. The discussion is also extended to the disappearing discrete‐states CIR systems which include the infinite level harmonic oscillators as a special case.
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05.70.Ln Nonequilibrium and irreversible thermodynamics

A note on energy bounds for boson matter

David Brydges and Paul Federbush

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2133 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522856 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2008

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Two new proofs are given of the Dyson and Lenard lower bound for the energy of matter with boson electrons. Another result is a new inequality for the two‐point correlation function.
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05.30.Jp Boson systems

Shock waves in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics under general assumptions

André Lichnerowicz

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2135 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522857 (8 pages) | Cited 18 times

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We present a rigorous theory of magnetohydrodynamical shock waves in the framework of a given curved space–time, under general assumptions corresponding both to a plasma and to a condensed medium. The results can be of use in astrophysics. We prove the timelike character of the wavefronts, the main thermodynamic inequalities, the relative location of the speeds of the shock waves with respect to the magnetosonic and Alfvén speeds, and show some existence and uniqueness theorems. In particular, we show that there can exist initial states giving slow shocks, but no weak shocks.
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52.30.-q Plasma dynamics and flow
04.40.-b Self-gravitating systems; continuous media and classical fields in curved spacetime
95.30.Sf Relativity and gravitation

Differential equations satisfied by Fredholm determinants and application to the inversion formalism for parameter dependent potentials

Henri Cornille

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2143 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522858 (16 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2008

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We consider the two first order differential operators Ax=μ (x) ∂/∂x+λ (x), Bx=−(∂/∂x) μ (x)+λ (x), associate two kernels f, g satisfying both well‐defined boundary conditions and Axf=Byg, Ayf=Bxg, and construct the Fredholm determinants corresponding to these kernels. From these determinants we can build up solutions of second order differential equations. These solutions have an interpretation in the Schrödinger inversion formalism. For instance, for the inversion at fixed angular momentum l, these solutions for k=0 correspond to the classical Gel’fand–Levitan and Marchenko equations, whereas, for k≠0, they correspond to k dependent potentials. Similarly, for the inversion at fixed k, these solutions for l=0 correspond to the classical Regge–Newton equations, whereas, for l≠0, they correspond to l‐dependent potentials. More generally we show, in a generalized inversion formalism, how parameter dependent potentials appear very naturally in the theory.
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02.30.-f Function theory, analysis
03.65.Nk Scattering theory

Uniqueness of perturbation of a Reissner–Nordström black hole

Chul Hoon Lee and W. D. McGlinn

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2159 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522859 (7 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2008

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Coupled gravitational and electromagnetic perturbations of a Reissner–Nordström black hole are analyzed using the Newman–Penrose formalism. It is shown that χB1(≡3ψ2ϕB0−2ϕ1ψB1) or χB−1(≡3ψ2ϕB2−2ϕ1ψB3) determines the perturbations except for those corresponding to an infinitesimal change in the mass, charge, and angular momentum parameters of the balck hole.
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97.21.+a Pre-main sequence objects, young stellar objects (YSO's) and protostars (T Tauri stars, Orion population, Herbig-Haro objects, Bok globules, bipolar outflows, cometary nebulae, etc.)
97.60.-s Late stages of stellar evolution (including black holes)

Zeros of the grand canonical partition function: Generalization of a result of Lee and Yang

M. E. Baur and R. M. Sinder

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2166 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522860 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2008

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See Also: Erratum

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A simple sufficiency condition for the zeros of a polynomial of grand partition function form to lie entirely on the unit circle in the complex fugacity (z) plane is rigorously proven. The condition has two parts: the canonical partition function Qn(M) is symmetric, Qn(M) =QM−n(M), and is bounded above by the binomial coefficient (Mn). This represents a generalization of the condition given by Lee and Yang in the context of the Ising model and the proof is independent of theirs. Necessity of the condition is trivially proven.
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05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics (Ising, Potts, etc.)
05.20.-y Classical statistical mechanics

Intrinsic geometry of Killing trajectories

E. Honig

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2169 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522861 (6 pages)

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2008

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We use the Frenet–Serret formalism to study the intrinsic geometry of Killing trajectories that are admitted by an arbitrary n‐dimensional Riemannian space. The intrinsic quantities associated with these curves, i.e. their curvatures, are found to be constants of the motion that can be evaluated in terms of Hankel determinants. The results are then applied to curves in real quantum mechanics.
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02.40.Ky Riemannian geometries
04.20.-q Classical general relativity
03.65.-w Quantum mechanics

Radial integrals with finite energy loss for Dirac–Coulomb functions

Krishan Sud, L. E. Wright, and D. S. Onley

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2175 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522862 (7 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2008

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Analytic results for radial integrals over products of Dirac–Coulomb functions and the radial part of the electromagnetic Green’s function are expressed in terms of a matrix generalization of the gamma function. This matrix gamma function has many useful properties, including a recurrence relation similar to that of the gamma function, and provides a compact easily manipulated method of evaluating the Dirac–Coulomb radial integrals. These results can be used to calculate the virtual and real photon spectra associated with electron scattering from the nucleus.
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03.65.-w Quantum mechanics
11.80.-m Relativistic scattering theory

The frequency dependent electrical conductivity for disordered alloys: Application of an abstract Hilbert space generalization of Feenberg’s perturbation theory

James G. Berryman and Samuel P. Bowen

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2182 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522863 (10 pages)

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2008

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An abstract Hilbert space with a particularly convenient scalar product is introduced to permit a generalization of Feenberg’s rearrangement method of perturbation theory to be applied to thermal Green’s function calculations. This method has the advantage of treating averages (either thermal or configuration) rigorously from the start. Explicit calculations are done for the frequency dependent electrical conductivity for alloys with diagonal disorder at zero temperature. Three practical approaches are discussed: (1) the Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization procedure, (2) a trick which depends on the Hermitian character of the polarization operator, and (3) a general procedure for using nonorthogonal basis vectors to expand the Feenberg formulas. To second order in the scattering strength, a new expression for the conductivity is found which is valid for all frequencies. This expression agrees with earlier perturbation theory results when the frequency is very small or very large.
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72.15.Eb Electrical and thermal conduction in crystalline metals and alloys
03.65.-w Quantum mechanics

On a solution of the Einstein–Maxwell equations admitting a nonsingular electromagnetic field

Raymond G. McLenaghan and Nessim Tariq

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2192 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522864 (6 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2008

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Solutions of the Einstein–Maxwell equations are investigated for which the electromagnetic field is nonsingular and weakly parallelly propagated along its principal null congruences. It is shown that a subclass of these solutions admits an invertible two‐dimensional Abelian group of motions. A weaker characterization of a recently found solution is thereby obtained.
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03.50.De Classical electromagnetism, Maxwell equations
41.20.Jb Electromagnetic wave propagation; radiowave propagation
04.40.-b Self-gravitating systems; continuous media and classical fields in curved spacetime

A note on certain multiple integrals

M. L. Mehta

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2198 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522865 (5 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2008

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An analytical expression is given for the multiple integral ∫⋅⋅⋅∫dμ (xn+1)  dμ (xn+2) ⋅⋅⋅dμ (xN) Π1⩽j<k⩽N‖xj −xk‖β, where 0⩽n⩽N, β=1,2, or 4 and the positive measure dμ (x) is such that all its moments exist, ∫dμ  (x) xj<∞, j=0,1,2,⋅⋅⋅. The case dμ (x) =dx, for −1⩽x⩽1, and dμ (x) =0, for ‖x‖≳1, is given as an example. In the limit N→∞ the correlation functions of this example, the so‐called Legendre ensembles, coincide with those of the circular or the Gaussian ensembles of random matrices.
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02.50.Ey Stochastic processes

Some basic properties of Killing spinors

Shahen Hacyan and Jerzy Plebański

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2203 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522866 (4 pages) | Cited 16 times

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The concept of Killing spinor is analyzed in a general way by using the spinorial formalism. It is shown, among other things, that higher derivatives of Killing spinors can be expressed in terms of lower order derivatives. Conformal Killing vectors are studied in some detail in the light of spinorial analysis: Classical results are formulated in terms of spinors. A theorem on Lie derivatives of Debever–Penrose vectors is proved, and it is shown that conformal motion in vacuum with zero cosmological constant must be homothetic, unless the conformal tensor vanishes or is of type N. Our results are valid for either real or complex space–time manifolds.
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04.20.Cv Fundamental problems and general formalism

The intrinsic spinorial structure of hyperheavens

J. D. Finley and J. F. Plebański

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2207 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522867 (8 pages) | Cited 41 times

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2008

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Following Plebański and Robinson, complex V4’s which admit a congruence of totally null surfaces are shown to have coordinates which, in pairs, have a spinor structure which generates the usual spinor structure of the 2‐forms over the space. This structure allows Einstein’s vacuum equations to fracture into three triples and a singlet, which allow for easy reduction of the entire set to one nonlinear partial differential equation needed for consistency. An inhomogeneous GL (2,C) group of coordinate transformations, constrained to leave the tetrad form invariant, is constructed and used to simplify the equations and clarify the geometrical meaning of the parameters introduced during the integration process.
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04.20.-q Classical general relativity

Lie series and invariant functions for analytic symplectic maps

Alex J. Dragt and John M. Finn

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2215 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522868 (13 pages) | Cited 156 times

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2008

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Symplectic maps (canonical transformations) are treated from the Lie algebraic point of view using Lie series and Lie algebraic techniques. It is shown that under very general conditions an analytic symplectic map can be written as a product of Lie transformations. Under certain conditions this product of Lie transformations can be combined to form a single Lie transformation by means of the Campbell–Baker–Hausdorff theorem. This result leads to invariant functions and generalizes to several variables a classic result of Birkhoff for the case of two variables. It also provides a new approach since the connection between symplectic maps, Lie algebras, invariant functions, and Birkhoff’s work has not been previously recognized and exploited. It is expected that the results obtained will be applicable to the normal form problem in Hamiltonian mechanics, the use of the Poincaré section map in stability analysis, and the behavior of magnetic field lines in a toroidal plasma device.
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02.20.Qs General properties, structure, and representation of Lie groups
46.05.+b General theory of continuum mechanics of solids

Monopoles, vortices and the geometry of the Yang–Mills bundles

Z. F. Ezawa and H. C. Tze

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2228 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522869 (4 pages) | Cited 20 times

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2008

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A topological classification of monopoles and vortices is formulated in terms of fibre bundles. The distinction between Dirac and ’t Hooft monopoles is made in the light of the energy finiteness problem. Finite‐length vortices with Dirac monopoles at the end points are also discussed.
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11.15.-q Gauge field theories
14.80.Hv Magnetic monopoles

On the stationary axisymmetric Einstein–Maxwell field equations

Roberto Catenacci and Joaquin Diaz Alonso

J. Math. Phys. 17, 2232 (1976); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.522870 (4 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2008

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We show the existence of a formal identity between Einstein’s and Ernst’s stationary axisymmetric gravitational field equations and the Einstein–Maxwell and the Ernst equations for the electrostatic and magnetostatic axisymmetric cases. Our equations are invariant under very simple internal symmetry groups, and one of them appears to be new. We also obtain a method for associating two stationary axisymmetric vacuum solutions with every electrostatic known.
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04.20.Cv Fundamental problems and general formalism
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